Occurrence of Myopia and its associated factors; A Study in selected Health Institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Myopia, or near-sightedness, is a common vision issue affecting people worldwide, characterized by difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly. Its prevalence is rising, making it a major concern for global public health. Recognized as a priority by the World Health Organization, However, there is a noticeable gap in comprehensive studies focused on myopia within the context of specific health institutions in Addis Ababa. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the Prevalence of Myopia among patients attending selected eye health Institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study design was utilized to determine the prevalence of myopia and assess associated factors. Samples were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a structured close-ended questionnaire. EPI Info Version 7.2.6.0 and STATA 17 were employed for data analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted to calculate frequencies and percentages. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to assess the relative effects of selected variables on associated factors and determine significant associations among the variables. Results: A total of 579 participants participated in this study. The prevalence of myopia was found to be 30.22% (95% CI = 26.61%,34.09%). Familial myopia history (AOR = 8.99; 95% CI: (3.83,20.39), Increased Daily Screen time (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.40,4.47), prolonged near work (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.10,4.18), habitual near working distance of less than 41 cm (AOR = 4.48; 95% CI: 1.66,12.12) and 41 to 50 cm (AOR = 5.08; 95% CI: (1.98,13.00) were significantly associated with myopia. Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of myopia among patients in these selected health institutions was high. With factors such as having family history, prolonged screen time, increased near-work activities, and shorter habitual working distance being associated with myopia. Efforts need to be undertaken to enhance public awareness regarding myopia and its associated risk factors. This will facilitate early detection and treatment, thereby preventing vision impairment and its related complications.