Assessment of the treatment outcome and associated factors of neonate admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Problem statement: Neonatal period is the most hazardous period compared to any other time during the child first year of life it is the most crucial period for child survival. As a result, there are high rate of morbidity & mortality. Neonatal mortality declined globally and in all regions but more slowly than mortality among children age under 5. The information will be important for prevention of further problems and intervene towards improving newborn & maternal health care services. Objective: To assess the treatment outcome and associated factors to cure neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit located at yekatit12 hospital medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology: Institutional based Cross sectional study. Information was extracted retrospectively from patient medical record cards and death certificates Neonates admitted in NICU at Yekatit 12 hospital medical college from July 2018 to June 2019. The data was extracted from November 10 to December 10, 2019G.c. The study participants were those neonates who admitted in NICU in the study period. A total of 264 neonates were included in the study. Data was collected through self-administered check list questionnaire from each patient medical record card. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to identify factors that will associate with the final treatment outcome of neonate. The odds ratio with 95% Confidence interval was used to determine the association. A statistical significance was declare at p value<0.05. Finally the data was entered in to a computer properly and analyzed using statistical software (SPSS). Result: A total of 264 neonates were included in the study. There were 12 neonatal deaths during the study period. Overall, the neonatal mortality ratio was 4.5%. The major admission diagnoses were sepsis, RDS, hypothermia and jaundice in descending order. The independent predictors of neonatal mortality were gestational weeks out the range of 37 - 42 week (AOR=0.014 CI: [0…1-0.29]), length of stay at NICU less than 72 hr (AOR=100 CI: [11.5 – 147.23] and hypothermia (AOR=7.73 CI: [1.2 – 49.8]). Conclusion: Early onset neonatal sepsis, RDS, hypothermia, jaundice and prematurity were the main reasons for NICU admission at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. From a total of 264 cases neonatal mortality was 4.5%. There is slight male neonate predominance than female neonates.