http://repository.iphce.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/1234 2026-05-20T18:20:20Z 2026-05-20T18:20:20Z Mussa, Tofic Hussein http://repository.iphce.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/3827 2025-07-08T21:52:18Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Role of Public Prosecutors in the Enforcement of Prisoners' Rights: The case of Bench-Shecko Zone Correction Center Mussa, Tofic Hussein Prisoners have the right to enjoy the same human rights as persons at liberty, subject only to those restrictions that are an unavoidable as a consequence of the confinement or restrictions part of sentence by the court. Accordingly various international human right instruments and specific rules and standards provide protections for Prisoners. In Ethiopia, both the FDRE and SNNPRS constitutions guaranteed the treatment of prisoners to be carried out respecting their human dignity. Specifically, the SNNPRS Manner of Treatment of Inmates of Prisons Regulation provides detail rules on the right of prisoners and their treatments in correction facilities. On the other hand, the closed environment of correction facilities, including the unequal power relations between prison staff and prisoners, produce vulnerabilities and the risks of abuse in different forms. Therefore, there should be mechanisms to follow-up and check the proper implementations of prisoners’ rights in correction facilities. One strategy which seeks to prevent ill-treatment and other breaches of rights in correction facilities has been to put in place mechanisms to inspect correction facilities and monitor how human rights obligations are being fulfilled by authorities. Correction facilities inspection and monitoring bodies are therefore important safeguards against breaches of human rights of prisoners. In line with this, various international instruments such as the Nelson Mandela Rules, requires the monitoring and inspection of correctional facilities by independent external oversight body in the regular basis. Domestically, in Ethiopia, particularly in SNNPRS, the power and responsibilities of monitoring and inspecting correction facilities is given to public prosecutors. The SNNPRS, Attorney General Establishment Proclamation No.177 /2018, provides the power of public prosecutors to visit and inspect the condition of the treatment of prisoners in correction facilities and to take appropriate corrective measures. The objective of this study is therefore, to assess and examine the role of public prosecutors in the enforcement of the right of prisoners in Bench-Sheko Zone correction center. The study examines weather public prosecutors are conducting regular and frequent visit and inspection to Bench-Sheko Zone correction center to ensure the iv implementation of prisoners right in accordance with the law. It also assess, weather public prosecutors are taking necessary corrective legal or administrative measure to ensure the observance of prisoners right in the correction center. To achieve this, the researcher employed both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews with different key informants. Accordingly, the finding of the study shows that, in the study area, the public prosecutor role in the enforcements of prisoners’ right is very weak. Although prosecutors are conducting some occasional visit to the correction center, they are not properly inspecting the condition of the treatment of prisoners in the correction center. The study further find out that, despite the existence of the prisoners’ right violation and inadequacies on the treatment of prisoners and the facilities in the correction center, prosecutors are not taking appropriate corrective or other important legal measures to ensure the protection of the right of prisoners.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Kassahun Gemechu Bien Maunahan Teshome Boja http://repository.iphce.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/3857 2025-07-08T21:52:47Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES THROUGH KAIZEN METHODS IN JIMMA ZONE Kassahun Gemechu; Bien Maunahan; Teshome Boja The construction industry has recently faced increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices, particularly within small , medium and large sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing regions like the Jimma Zone. Despite the recognized benefits of sustainable construction, the adoption of these practices remains limited due to various challenges. This research addresses this gap by evaluating the implementation of sustainable construction practices through Kaizen methods within SMEs in the Jimma Zone. The study aims to identify key factors influencing the adoption of these practices, analyze the challenges faced by SMEs, evaluate the impact of these factors on implementation, and assess the level of awareness and understanding of sustainable construction practices among SMEs in the region. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to ensure comprehensive analysis. A structured questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 50 SMEs, with a response rate of 95.69% achieved, alongside semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 key informants. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cronbach's Alpha to ensure reliability, while related analysis was employed for qualitative data. The study focused on identifying the key factors, challenges, and levels of awareness that influence implementing sustainable construction practices through Kaizen methods. The findings revealed that while SMEs have a moderate awareness of sustainable construction practices, significant challenges—such as financial constraints, inadequate training, and limited managerial involvement—delay the effective implementation of Kaizen methods. The results suggest that these challenges significantly impact the successful adoption of sustainable practices. The study emphasizes the need for targeted involvement, including improved financial support, comprehensive training programs, and stronger managerial leadership, to enhance the adoption of sustainable construction practices. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of addressing the identified challenges to successfully implement sustainable construction practices through Kaizen methods within SMEs in the Jimma Zone. This study provides valuable understanding for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to promote sustainability in the construction sector.

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z Million Bekele Leta Sera Gudina Tolosa http://repository.iphce.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/3882 2025-07-08T21:53:35Z 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

Impact of Broad Money supply and Domestic Credit to Private Sector On Economic Growth in Ethiopia Million Bekele; Leta Sera; Gudina Tolosa The role of money supply along with domestic credit to the private sector is considered very critical in an economy. It helps to improve economic growth and economic development of a country Thus, in this study we aim to investigate the possible roles of Broad Money supply and Domestic Credit to Private Sector on Economic Growth in Ethiopia by using annual time series data ranging from 1981 to 2021. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration is adopted to check the presence of long-run equilibrium between the growth and two variables. In addition, to check the stationarity in the data, we employed both augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Perron (PP) tests, whereas the long- and short-run elasticities were estimated using the Vector Error Correction (VEC) procedure. In addition, we capture the direction of causality between Broad Money supply and Domestic Credit to private sector and economic growth by the Granger causality procedure to elucidate which one of the two hypotheses whether the two variables or Economic growth that holds in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the estimated short and long-run elasticities indicate that while broad money supply (M2) is identified as the key determinant of economic growth in the short-run, domestic credit to the private sector is found to be weak in affecting economic the short-run economic growth. On the other hand, M2 is found to be a growth deterrent in the long run, whereas domestic credit to the private sector positively contributes to economic growth. On the other hand, the direction of causality was unidirectionally running from M2 to economic growth, supporting the supply-leading growth hypothesis, while no significant causality was revealed between domestic credit and growth. Thus, from the above empirical findings we emphasize that though components of financial development could significantly affect economic growth in both short- and long-runs, thus, targeting the Broad money supply in a short run and Domestic credit to Private sector as a policy option could be significant in achieving economic growth in Ethiopia

2023-06-01T00:00:00Z Adem Ali Osmane Ameyu Godesso http://repository.iphce.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/3887 2025-07-09T06:14:30Z 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

Living Conditions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Persons: The case of Oromo people displaced from Somali region and camped in Deder District, Eastern Hararge Adem Ali Osmane; Ameyu Godesso These study explores the living conditions of internally displaced person caused by conflict who currently camped in Deder district, Eastern Hararge, Oromia Regional State. The IDPs were expelled from the Somali regional state. The study relies on the qualitative research methods and a descriptive research design to shed lights on the factors that led to the displacement, the process of relocating IDPs to a new resettlement site, and the post- resettlement lives of IDPs and their adaptations in the new resettlement site. The data collections methods used combined focus group disscusions, in-depth interview, key informant interviews, field observations and document review. The particpants were purposively selected since it was believed that they would be able to provide the issue under investigations in detail. The provided data was served only for the purpose of these study and it was analysed by using the thematic analysis. The study reveals conflict was the main factor of the displacement and there are different cause of the conflict. The main factors that exposed the Oromo peoples living in Jigjiga to conflict and ultimately led to their displacement were investigated, including the availability of capital resources, the area functioning as a trade route, and land grabbing. Boder disputes between the Somali area and the districts of Oromia (Chinaksen, Babile, Midega Tola, Mayu-muluke, and Mino) have always existed. The Somali wanted occupying land in the Oromia area. Ttorture and killing were used to displace a number of Oromo people who are living in Somali region. The region’s para military forces are reported to have taken part in killings and even dumped bodies in landfills before mass displacement occurred. Also, the large-scale evacuation was due to cooperation between the TPLF and the Somali government, as many TPLF military generals were cooperating with the Somali government. This cooperation was aimed at blocking the political reforms of the central government in which the TPLF lost its dominant position. The IDPs were taken to the Oromia region on foot through the districts of Babile and Chinaksen, while the rest came to Oromia by car through the district of Babile. The Ethiopian Federal Police and the Ethiopian National Defense Force are two actors that have played a key role in relocating displaced people to Oromia and saving their lives. The zonal and kebele administrators was relocated IDPs to Deder district based on being they are IDPs by Somali government, the existance of marriage relationships among IDPs, birth places of IDPs, getting the opportunity to wait other opportunity, disagreement between displaced persons and the B governmental administrators. Based on the above fact, they are responsible to be camped in Deder district through collaborations with Deder society and government. They resettled in different places such as youth and sport offices, culture and tourizim offices, water and energy offices, Disaster and risk management offices in the district. They are facing many problems in their resettlement such as health, drinking water, house, Electric city and shortage of food. To overcome the above challenges, the psychological support was provided by the GOs and NGOs. Similarly, some other support was given in kinds (food grains, Blanket, Tin and Canvas). However, the sustainablity of such support from various organizations and their opportunity to earn dail income was little and little.

2023-06-01T00:00:00Z